![]() ![]() While pressurised rooms are helpful for health care workers, patients and staff, they also present challenges to HVAC techs and facility managers. The idea has extended beyond the hospital room to include waiting rooms, triage, bathrooms and other areas that could contain contaminants or susceptible people. The COVID-19 pandemic has extended the use of pressurised rooms to combat the disease. Inadequate or infrequent testing puts patients and others at risk. ![]() Still, accurate testing and consistent monitoring is the best way to maintain the effectiveness of a pressurised room. Electronic pressure monitors offer continuous, accurate monitoring, but they’re expensive to purchase and install. The smoke just needs to move in the right direction. If the smoke flows inside or outside, then a pressure differential exists. During a smoke test, technicians create puffs of smoke next to known intakes like registers or under doorways. They’re cheap and easy to administer, but aren’t continuous or highly accurate. Smoke tests are a common way to test the effectiveness of a pressurised room. ACH is a measure of how often air within a space is replaced every hour and is essential to combating contaminated, stale and unhealthy air. To aid air quality, HVAC technicians design HVAC systems to include specific numbers of air changes per hour (ACH) based on the size of the room. Air quality is particularly important for medical facilities, since suboptimal humidity levels can contribute to illness. Like any conditioned environment, pressurised rooms must also maintain humidity and air temperature to ensure comfort and safety. The more leakage, the more energy required to maintain a room’s negative or positive pressure. These entryways are also safe areas for removing PPE or as a failsafe against pressure loss. Designers often outfit NPRs with ante rooms to minimise leakage. Pressure room designers try to keep rooms as air tight as possible, but some leakage occurs through gaps in doors, windows and electrical outlets. Because PPRs form barriers to outside spaces, their HVAC systems must filter out any contaminants from the interior air while ensuring optimal pressure and safe air quality. PPR hospital rooms often house immunocompromised patients susceptible to infection or disease. PPRs exist within surgical theatres and in vitro clinics where contamination is possible. Air escapes the room without letting in outside contaminated air. Positive pressure rooms maintain a higher air pressure inside than the surrounding environment. Interior air then moves through a filtration system to remove contaminants before safely exiting the pressurised environment. When someone opens the door of an NPR, negative pressure draws passive air inside, forming a barrier against the escape of pathogens or dust. The purpose is to control the direction of passive airflow. ![]() That is, a negative quantity of air maintained. ![]() To create a NPR, HVAC professionals must move air out at a faster rate than it comes in. If done correctly, the result is a stable environment with lower or higher air pressure than the surrounding area. The natural movement of air without the aid of mechanical equipment like a fan is called “passive” air flow, and techs use passive air flow to keep debris and contaminants from entering or exiting a room. Building managers use HVAC equipment, fans and ventilation systems to control this natural propensity of air to escape-to keep the “balloon” knotted as it were. The bigger the pressure differential, the faster the balloon will fly around the room. Pressure DifferentialĪnyone who’s ever let go of an un-knotted balloon has witnessed the propensity of air to move from a higher pressure area to a lower one. The difference between positive vs negative pressure rooms is mostly one of pressure differential and air flow. Both approaches use air pressure differentials to control ventilation and contamination. Hospitals and clinics employ negative pressure rooms (NPR) to contain the spread of infectious diseases. For example, semiconductor makers use positive pressure rooms (PPR) to ensure their integrated chips are free of contaminants in the air. Many industries use pressurised rooms to stop cross-contamination between one area of a building and another. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Daylight Saving Time rules are up-to-date and historically accurate. Change the current date: changing the current date provides the ability to view information for any day in the past or future (from 1932 to 2030). This feature provides accurate times for sunrise, sunset, twilight, moonrise and moonset for any location one enters.Ģ. Any latitude and longitude will work a GPS can be used to enter your current location. Add user-defined places: defining and adding places allows cities that are not already built into VelaClock to be included. VelaClock Deluxe has all the features of VelaClock, plus:ġ. * Updated Daylight Saving Time rules for Egypt. VelaClock users include people that communicate locally and internationally (phone, email, iChat), photographers (seeking twilight times), outdoor enthusiasts and people interested in the moon and astronomy. Users can quickly display the time of sunrise, sunset, or twilight, duration of daylight, moonrise, moonset, phase of moon, time zone information and more. VelaClock is a world clock widget with a highly configurable user interface. Users of the standard version of VelaClock may upgrade to the Deluxe version for $6.00. For current customers, both versions are a free update. It can easily be configured to use a minimum amount of screen space or if the user wishes, more detailed information about the currently selected city can be displayed.īerkeley, California - Vela Design Group today announces VelaClock Deluxe 2.1.15 and VelaClock 2.1.15, Dashboard widgets. Vela Design Group today announced VelaClock Deluxe 2.1.15 and VelaClock 2.1.15 Dashboard widgets. ![]() Vela Design Group releases VelaClock Deluxe 2.1.15 and VelaClock 2.1.15 - Published on 09/10/09 ![]() ![]() ![]() This free media player also supports most of the mi files for subtitles. This program can immediately after installation to handle all the common codecs and file formats, and has a very minimalist user interface. ![]() When you're looking for a simple program that as well as all media files without problems can play then we recommend you to first VLC a try. VLC media Player is one of the most popular media player in the world, in may 2012, more than 1 billion times download. Since July 2012 there is also a beta version available for Android. ![]() The new app is from scratch and re-developed. Previously, this was withdrawn due to conflicts over licensing. After an absence of two years, the VLC app since July 2013 download from the App Store. The iOS app VLC supports Airplay and playback from a Dropbox account. It is even possible to use an app on the iPhone or an Android phone VLC media player on your computer remotely. There is also a version of VLC available for the iPad and the iPhone. It is a multiplatform program so can be installed on all major operating systems. You can find so virtually all audio and video files without problems to play and you never have on all sorts of obscure sites to search for a missing codec. VLC media player is a free and open source media player that very many codecs it supports. If you have any problems with the video playback on the computer, we recommend you to VLC media Player a try. Windows Media Player does not play all codecs, luckily there exists free software which is almost all codecs can play. Examples of this are DivX for video and Flac for audio files. To digital music and movies to play must have the proper codecs on the machine. ![]() ![]() ![]() Our discussions of diffraction have used a slit as the aperture through which light is diffracted. The wave-like nature of light forces an ultimate limit to the resolving power of all optical instruments. This is often determined by the quality of the lenses and mirrors in the instrument as well as the properties of the surrounding medium (usually air). ![]() The resolving power is the optical instrument’s ability to produce separate images of two adjacent points. This diffraction element leads to a phenomenon known as Cellini’s halo (also known as the Heiligenschein effect) where a bright ring of light surrounds the shadow of the observer’s head.ĭiffraction of light plays a paramount role in limiting the resolving power of any optical instrument (for example: cameras, binoculars, telescopes, microscopes, and the eye). This last interaction with the interface refracts the light back into the atmosphere, but it also diffracts a portion of the light as illustrated below. The beam, still traveling inside the water droplet, is once again refracted as it strikes the interface for a third time. As a light wave traveling through the atmosphere encounters a droplet of water, as illustrated below, it is first refracted at the water-to-air interface, then it is reflected as it again encounters the interface. The amount of diffraction depends on the wavelength of light, with longer wavelengths being diffracted at a greater angle than shorter ones (in effect, red light are diffracted at a higher angle than is blue and violet light). ![]() We can often observe pastel shades of blue, pink, purple, and green in clouds that are generated when light is diffracted from water droplets in the clouds. A good example of this is the diffraction of sunlight by clouds that we often refer to as a silver lining, illustrated in Figure 1 with a beautiful sunset over the ocean. This phenomenon can also occur when light is “bent” around particles that are on the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the light. The parallel lines are actually diffraction patterns. As the fingers approach each other and come very close together, you begin to see a series of dark lines parallel to the fingers. A very simple demonstration of diffraction of waves can be conducted by holding your hand in front of a light source and slowly closing two fingers while observing the light transmitted between them. ![]() ![]() The Shape drawing tool - There are quite a few shapes to choose from. Vector cropping and wrapping text is fluid and simple to achieve (Image credit: Ben Brady)Īfter setting up your doc initially the document/spread set-up, and general preferences, are all accessible in the context toolbar, when the move tool is selected, making it super easy to reach for, living just under the 'personas' buttons.Ī few highlights of the tools section, which has just about everything you’d need or want for work of this kind, include: It certainly reduces the time in having to open up other separate apps to make adjustments or edits, and needless to say is great for workflow. You can be working on an image in either Photo or Designer, then switch back to Publisher, all within the same interface. This ‘Studio Link’ means you can switch what in Affinity are known as ‘personas.’ It basically means you can change apps with the click of a button. This only applies if you have all three Affinity apps, however. ![]() The most interesting element and inclusion here is the top left hand corner where there are three Affinity app icons. ![]() You have your usual suspects to the left in terms of tools a context toolbar above that (changing in context to whatever tool you’ve selected) your main adjustments to the right of the page plus the ability to add, hide, move and place a host of other adjustment panels via the studio menu right at the top. Software for designers, made by designers, makes you feel you’re in good hands. The videos, as a side note, are mostly made by the Serif team themselves, who it should be said are nearly all designers themselves. ![]() The sheer number of Affinity video tutorials will promptly guide you. A clean and very navigable UI means that even if you are new to tools like this you’ll get to grips with Publisher in no time. Everything should look familiar here, and is easy to learn if you're a new-comer (Image credit: Ben Brady)Īnyone familiar with desktop publishing should feel right at home here. ![]() ![]() Sadly, they did not manage to live happily ever after. As mutual respect and love prevailed over any misunderstandings between the characters, Enzo proved to be a real gentleman, protecting and taking care of Bonnie. The Vampire Diaries alum Ian Somerhalder (Damon Salvatore) was recently asked to name his favorite 'K' villain from the show: Katherine Pierce, Klaus Mikaelson, or Malachai 'Kai' Parker. Caroline is the light hearted one who keeps both of them bright and Bonnie is the one who keeps them both grounded. This couple was formed at the end of the show, but fans welcomed it with great interest and admiration. Caroline Forbes and Bonnie Bennet have been friends always. Together, they have become one of the most popular fan pairings, and it's a shame that it didn't work out in the end. Caroline awakened something in Klaus that no one else saw: love and compassion. But with the show’s latest development the ringing of the Maxwell. More specifically, Damon had decapitated him. Sybil was a true monster who hunted down humans and ate their flesh while sending their souls away to hell. Damon became a human for Elena and created a normal, ordinary family with her, just like she wanted.Ĭaroline's whirlwind romance with the dangerous and powerful original vampire-werewolf hybrid Klaus had viewers excited about their possible future together. When Kai left The Vampire Diaries at the end of season 6, he was very dead. 7 Sybil The Vampire Diaries introduced a new supernatural threat when they made Grecian Sirens the villains of Seasons 7 and 8. Their relationship slowly evolved from enemies to lovers, and fans all over the world were rooting for them to be together. Wood credits the TVD writers for making Kai so magnetic that even when hes admitting to mass-murdering all of his siblings in gruesome detail, fans still want him around. Unfortunately, Elena moved on to Damon and eventually left Stefan in a not-so-pretty way.ĭamon and Elena's connection was one of the most important in the highly romantic show. ![]() Even at his worst, Stefan tried to do everything he could to keep Elena from getting hurt. Klaus was an Original vampire and a werewolf, making him the Original Hybrid. He was a former main character, antagonist/anti-hero of The Vampire Diaries. He loved her and did not try to control her, and she genuinely appreciated and admired him. Niklaus Mikaelson (Elder Futhark: ) was the main protagonist (and sometimes antagonist/anti-hero) of The Originals. In general, the relationship between Elena and Stefan began almost perfectly. ![]() Things were great for the couple, as they supported each other through the worst of times, but then Kai happened. It was worth the wait - they got married, and Jo even got pregnant after that. Alaric and Jo were truly in love but decided to stay apart until Alaric found a way to become human again. Fans still cannot come to terms with how tragically this relationship ended. Published Kai Parker may be a cold-hearted villain, but hes also one of the funniest characters in The Vampire Diaries. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() But the synthesis tool infers a latch in both cases. (tb_y) behaves like a asynchronous flip-flop and block 4. are clearly different, as can be seen in this waveform from the above simulation:īlock 3. It's not even that the coding is ambiguous, always blocks 3. To me this behavior is not correct, as I specifically said I want a flip-flop (with edge triggering). always block will also be synthesized into a latch, which is not the intended behavior and these blocks are not equivalent! The 3. First two always blocks will synthesize to a latch (in Quartus 14), which is OK, as they are equivalent, because of a constant. On the other hand, if on the right side of the assignment there was a VARIABLE, the synthesis would have to infer a flip-flop, because it would matter whether the input is sampled on an edge (flip-flop) or during input latching is enabled (latch), meaning the two logic elements are NOT EQUIVALENT. So the synthesis tool chooses the element that takes less resources, i.e. When this is the case the behavior of a latch and a flip-flop are EQUIVALENT, because it does not matter whether it catches the input value on a signal edge (flip-flop) or while input latching is enabled (latch) as the input does not change. The reason why this synthesizes to a latch, instead of a flip-flop is because on the right side of the assignment is a CONSTANT. I will share here what I found out so far. This question comes from the selected best answer from this stackoverflow question: In this case when a negative edge of reset is triggered a gets 0, else it keeps former value. Shouldn't the fact that the always block is sensitive to a signal edge be enough to infer a flip-flop. Could someone explain to me why a latch would be inferred instead of a flip-flop? always_ff (posedge clk, negedge rst) ![]() ![]() ![]() It should also star Morgan Freeman (just kidding)Īny ways, those who are new to these titles, enjoy! I think the movie has to ooze that “serial killer” vibe, as well in its storyline Keep in mind to be deemed a “serial killer”, one has to participate in the murder of several. Vigilante justice films are also not included, as while they DO kill off a large number of bodies, the are positioned from a place of doing good for the community (SAW films may sometimes fall into that gray area) Often mask driven (or character driven) films seem to instill a bit of “can’t die” into their premise, for instance: “Midnight Movie”, Shocker”, and “Laid to Rest”, or “The Hills Run Red”. The criteria here was a perspective of great films that reside in the serial killer genre.Īlso for the record I’m leaving out franchises like “ Halloween”, “ Texas Chainsaw” and “ Friday the 13th” as they also have a bit of supernatural elements interwoven into them making them more of a different sort (killer gets shot and rises from dead). So to avoid criticism, I’ll just say their may be some older gems that got overlooked. I will say that I’ve “seen” several of this mystery 200 list but there are a few that I haven’t seen. This is not a SAW list, but rather a recommendation of titles. A few franchises such as SAW, and Hannibal have been listed more as a collection, as to each from the series has much to offer. This list comprises a bit of fictional and non-fictional films that I found to be of recommended stature. So for the sake of this list, I’m not including them for that fact alone. ![]() Though after about 3 of these, I quickly observed that “most” of them were very poor and in fact quite boring. Now if you take a step back to a few years ago, there was a serial killer craze for awhile that featured each title by the name of the actual “real” serial killer. (For instance if a madman traps a bunch of kids on a house and kills them all, is he a serial killer…or just a lousy host?) There is also alot of contradiction as to what really constitutes a serial killer film. ![]() While this list is limited to 25, the amount of true serial killer films ranges well over 200. Writing a list of top serial killer films is a rather massive undertaking. ![]() ![]() And not just from a visual standpoint.īoth the iPhone 12 and the iPhone 11 pack a pair of 12MP cameras – one wide and one ultra-wide – with the same-sized image sensors. In terms of hardware, the camera offering in both devices is similar. But we prefer the look and compact nature of the iPhone 12 overall. And while both phones are IP68 certified, the iPhone 12 can be immersed in 6 meters of water for 30 minutes, while the iPhone 11 can only withstand 2 meters.įrom a certain perspective the iPhone 11 is more comfortable to hold, courtesy of those rounded edges. Going back to the subject of build quality, the iPhone 12 gains a new nano-crystalline Ceramic Shield screen, which is four times tougher than before. It’s also available in the usual Black, White, and Product (RED) variants. It loses the attractive dark green shade from the iPhone 11 lineup, as well as the less appealing yellow and purple shades, but in their place is an appealingly deep shade of blue and a slightly less attractive light green tone. However, the tolerances are even tighter, and the screen extends closer to the edges. It’s rather reminiscent of the iPhone 4 and 5, with its flat-edged industrial approach. This comes down to Apple’s crisp new design for the iPhone 12. It’s 4mm shorter, 4mm narrower, almost a millimetre thinner, and a whopping 30g lighter. Lest you get blinded by figures, the iPhone 12 is smaller than the iPhone 11 in every way. Can it justify the additional expenditure of $150 / £150 / AU$270 over its still-relevant predecessor? ![]() It too can be found slightly cheaper from some third-party stores, but the price remains much higher than the iPhone 11's. The iPhone 12 meanwhile hasn't yet had an official price drop (though likely will when the iPhone 13 arrives, probably in September). You can currently pick up the 64GB model for $599 / £599 / AU$999, the 128GB model for $649 / £649 / AU$1,079, and the 256GB model for $749 / £749 / AU$1,249 direct from Apple, and other stores sometimes hit even lower prices. As mentioned above, the iPhone 11 is still available to buy brand new in all three storage capacities, but prices are much lower than before. However, we’re almost two years on at the time of writing. ![]() Its predecessor, the iPhone 11, landed on September 20, 2019. The iPhone 12 became available for purchase on October 23, 2020. IPhone 12 vs iPhone 11 price and availability Below we'll talk you through everything we've learned about these two phones during our reviews process so you can make a decision of which is for you. Not only does one directly follow the other, but they’re thought to be one of the best selling Apple phones from their respective years, so it's a reasonable comparison - especially as some iPhone 11 buyers will likely be wondering whether it's worth upgrading.Īdd in the fact that Apple still sells the iPhone 11 as new, and this comparison becomes all the more pertinent. ![]() ![]() Hover it over the window you want to capture, and it will be highlighted.
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